Supreme Court upholds murder conviction in Etan Patz case

The Supreme Court reinstated a murder conviction in the decades-old case of Etan Patz, the New York City boy who disappeared in 1979 and whose image became one of the first to appear on milk cartons across the country.

Etan vanished on May 25, 1979, while walking to a school bus stop in Manhattan's SoHo neighborhood. His case drew national attention and prompted efforts to raise awareness about missing children. The anniversary of his disappearance later became National Missing Children's Day.

Pedro Hernandez confessed to the boy's death in 2012, more than three decades after the disappearance. Hernandez told investigators he strangled the child and left his body in a bag on a nearby street. He was convicted of second-degree murder in 2015.

However, an appellate court had vacated the conviction, citing concerns about the reliability of Hernandez's confession. The court questioned whether Hernandez's mental state and interrogation circumstances undermined the validity of his admission.

The Supreme Court's decision to reinstate the conviction resolved the legal dispute surrounding those concerns. The ruling allows the murder conviction to stand.

The Patz case shaped national approaches to locating missing children. Law enforcement agencies and child safety organizations credit publicity surrounding Etan's disappearance with prompting widespread adoption of milk carton distribution programs, which helped locate other missing children in subsequent years.

Etan's parents, Stanley and Julie Patz, maintained a public presence throughout the investigation and legal proceedings. Their advocacy contributed to broader institutional changes in how authorities respond to missing children cases.