Weston: BRCA Gene Cancer Risk Info for Residents

Weston residents concerned about family health history now have more information about BRCA genes and their potential link to increased cancer risk. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are naturally occurring genes that help repair cells. However, specific mutations in these genes can significantly elevate the risk of developing certain cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers.

Ryan Noss, MS, CGC, a cancer genetic counselor, explained that these genes typically function as tumor suppressors. "When they’re working properly, they help prevent cells from growing and dividing out of control," Noss stated. Mutations compromise the gene's ability to fight cancer.

While BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are the most common genetic factors associated with hereditary breast cancer, Noss noted that over a dozen other genes can also influence breast cancer risk. Understanding one's genetic makeup empowers individuals and their healthcare providers to make informed decisions about screening and prevention strategies.

Genetic testing, usually a blood test, is the only way to determine if a harmful BRCA1/2 mutation is present. A healthcare provider may recommend testing for individuals with a personal or family history of certain cancers. These include breast cancer diagnosed at a young age, triple-negative breast cancer, or a history of ovarian or pancreatic cancer. Individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry with a personal history of breast cancer may also be considered for testing.

"If your provider thinks you could be at increased risk, they may refer you to a genetic counselor or another genetics professional," Noss advised. "They’ll review your personal and family history, discuss what testing can and can’t tell you, and help you understand your results."

A positive result for a BRCA mutation indicates an increased risk, not an inevitable cancer diagnosis. Knowledge of a mutation allows for proactive health management. Potential strategies include earlier or more frequent cancer screenings, enhanced imaging like MRIs or ultrasounds, medications to lower risk, or, in some high-risk cases, risk-reducing surgeries.

Individuals with concerns about their family history and potential BRCA gene mutations should speak with a healthcare provider. They can assess individual risk factors and develop a personalized health plan.