Majority of Americans report race relations have improved since 2020

Most Americans say race relations have improved since mid-2020, according to a new survey, though respondents disagree sharply on what accounts for that shift and what obstacles remain.

The survey measured public sentiment following months of protests in 2020. Those demonstrations occurred after George Floyd died during an arrest by Minneapolis police officers. Video footage of the incident circulated widely and sparked discussions about policing and racial justice across the country.

Demonstrations took different forms. Some protesters organized peaceful marches and rallies. Other demonstrations included property damage and confrontations with law enforcement. Some municipalities altered police budgets or reassigned funding to community services, while others maintained existing police spending levels.

Respondents to the survey expressed varied views on what changes have occurred. Some pointed to specific policy shifts, including modified police practices in certain jurisdictions and increased corporate diversity initiatives. Others cited cultural changes, such as expanded public conversations about race and policing.

Divisions persisted on core questions. Respondents disagreed on whether racial disparities in criminal justice stem from systemic factors, individual decisions, or other causes. They also divided over whether proposed solutions, such as police reform measures or community investment programs, would prove effective. Some survey participants expressed skepticism about whether recent changes would produce lasting effects.

Certain activists and organizers reported difficulty maintaining momentum for reform efforts. They cited reduced media attention and public engagement compared to the intensity of 2020. Other advocates emphasized concrete policy achievements in their communities and said they planned to continue pursuing additional changes.

The survey provides limited insight into whether Americans who report improved race relations attribute those improvements to specific actions or policies, or whether they reflect broader cultural shifts. Researchers noted that optimism among survey respondents did not necessarily correlate with agreement on causes or solutions.