Cyclosporiasis Outbreaks Linked to Fresh Produce: Symptoms and Public Health Advisories

Why it matters locally: While no specific outbreaks have been publicly linked to Iowa, cyclospora outbreaks have impacted Iowa in previous years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects surveillance data on cyclosporiasis cases from state health departments, including the Iowa Department of Public Health.

Public health agencies are investigating multiple cyclosporiasis outbreaks across several regions. Investigations indicate fresh produce as the suspected source; however, authorities have not yet identified a specific item. Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite *Cyclospora cayetanensis*. Individuals typically acquire the parasite by consuming food or water contaminated with *Cyclospora*. Healthcare providers diagnose the infection through laboratory testing of stool samples. Symptoms of cyclosporiasis include watery diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal cramps, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. Some individuals also experience vomiting, body aches, headaches, and low-grade fever. Symptoms generally begin one week after consuming contaminated food or water, but onset can range from two to 14 days. These symptoms can persist for weeks or months if individuals do not receive treatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects surveillance data on cyclosporiasis cases from state health departments. Epidemiologists analyze this data to identify trends and potential outbreaks. When state health departments report unusual increases in cases, the CDC assists in investigations to pinpoint the source and implement control measures. Public health officials recommend that consumers wash all fresh produce thoroughly under running water before consumption. This practice helps to remove dirt and potentially harmful microorganisms. While washing produce is a beneficial step, it does not eliminate all risks associated with *Cyclospora* as the parasite can be difficult to remove entirely from some produce items. Cooking produce to appropriate temperatures also kills the parasite.