UM Study: Key Factors for LGBTQ+ Belonging in Miami

A University of Miami study identified six key factors that shape LGBTQ+ adults' sense of belonging in their communities: mutuality, acceptance, identity and authenticity, relationships, engagement, and representation. Researchers believe these findings can inform counseling interventions and community policies.

The study, published Oct. 2, 2026, in Culture, Health & Sexuality, surveyed 528 LGBTQ+ adults. Participants, who averaged nearly 35 years old, described what belonging means to them in open-ended responses. Researchers analyzed 404 responses to the question: "What do you believe contributes to your sense of belonging with the LGBTQ+ community?"

A strong sense of belonging can buffer LGBTQ+ individuals against discrimination, exclusion and stigma, correlating with lower rates of anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation.

The analysis revealed mutuality as the leading theme. Participants described belonging as recognition and the relief of being among those who understand their experiences. Welcoming environments, established relationships within LGBTQ+ communities, active engagement and visible LGBTQ+ representation also emerged as significant factors. One participant's reflection, "feeling like I have someplace to be myself," inspired the paper's title.

The study's authors, including lead researcher Samuel Skidmore, Ph.D., noted that belonging is a dynamic process influenced by individual choices, community conditions and societal visibility. The research suggests that increased belonging can encourage individuals to be more open and to cultivate belonging for others.

Dr. Skidmore stated that counselors can use these findings to offer specific guidance to LGBTQ+ clients. The research also points to areas for future study, such as how adolescents develop a sense of belonging during identity formation. This work is part of Skidmore's broader research agenda focused on social well-being for LGBTQ+ individuals.